By
Phillip
Todd
Over
the past eight months, North Korea has tested launched three rockets
capable of striking the U.S. mainland. According to missile experts
in the U.S. and Europe the key components of these rockets are based
on Soviet designs, much like those displayed in the museum in
Ukraine. Michael Elleman is a former U.N. Weapons inspector and
consultant to the Pentagon. At his think tank in London, the
International Institute for Strategic Studies, Elleman compared
footage of North Korean launches with photos of Soviet missile
engines from the 1960's and they appeared to match the RD-250, an
outdated but highly reliable machine. Roughly 200 of these engines
still exist, according to Yuzhmash, the missile factory in Dnipro,
Ukraine that made them. Elleman concluded that if one had been
stolen, it would more likely not have been from Russia, but from the
smaller stockpile in Ukraine.
Founded
during WWII to help the Red Army defeat the Nazis, it went on to
develop many of the Soviet Union's most powerful ballistic missiles.
Yuzhmash operated initially as "plant 586" and was capable
of producing of up to 120 ICBM's a year. After the breakup of the
Soviet Union the plant was an obvious target for espionage. Under
pressure from the U.S. and Russia, Ukraine agreed in 1994 to give up
the arsenal of nuclear warheads it had inherited from the Soviet
Union. It also pledged to disarm the ballistic missiles meant to
carry those warheads.
For
the cause of global disarmament, this was a break through. Four
Yuzhmash, it was a disaster. Thousands of its engineers lost their
jobs as the state's demand for missiles dried up. By U.S. estimates,
tens of thousands of them were left jobless after the Soviet union
fell apart. “There were huge temptations for scientists to take
some of their knowledge and potentially sell it elsewhere,” says
former U. S. ambassador to Ukraine, Carlos Pasqual.
Yuri
Simvolokov, a union organizer who has helped Yuzhmash workers staged
strikes over unpaid wages, says many of them have gone abroad to find
work over the years-not just to North Korea, but also to Iran and
Pakistan. “They pay big money over there,” he says of these
countries, over dinner with a few of his fellow teamsters. “And if
they want to build a rocket, they bring our specialists over. It's
nothing new.”
Starting
in the early 1990's, the North Korean military methodically sought to
assemble its weapons program from the ruins of the Soviet missile
industry. In April 1991, as the Soviet Union was dissolving, a
specialist in solid state physics named Anatoly Rubstov was
approached by a group of North Koreans at an academic conference in
Beijing. The North Korean offer, compared with his prospects back
home, most of seemed like saving grace. As
he later explained it interviews with Russian and western reporters,
he was invited to set up a research institute in North Korea and
staff it with Russian engineers. Their aim would be to establish the
regime's missile program, according to his own published accounts.
But it didn't stay secret for long. On October 15, 1992, about 60 of
his recruits were detained at a Moscow Airport, and news of their
plans caused an international scandal. Under the pressure from the
U.S. and South Korea, the Kremlin agreed to prevent Russian
scientists from working on the North Korean missile program.
How
do you stop starving rocket scientists and engineers from selling
their knowledge to others? The U.S. and Europe in 1993, set up two
organizations, one based in Moscow and the other in Kiev (The Science
and Technology Center – Ukraine) with the aim of giving tax free
grants to scientists in Russia, Ukraine, and other formerly Communist
nations. It was a handout to keep the scientists from selling their
knowledge abroad. It still functions today but on a shoe string
budget as Western funds have dried up. It has been estimated between
15,000 and 20,000 experts in weapons of mass destruction were left
jobless in Ukraine alone after the fall of the Soviet Union.
As
early as 1991, and as recently as 2011, North Koreans were caught
trying to acquire Soviet-era missile technology, which has not always
been kept under lock and key. As an example as recent as the winter
of 2011, two bloggers found a way to sneak into one of Moscow's most
secretive missile factories, ENERGOMASH, and spent several nights
photographing its technology. They did not encounter a single
security guard. Although highly embarrassing for Russia's missile
industry, the incident did not make many headlines in the West, where
terrorism and wars in the Middle East and eclipsed other security
concerns.
A
small team of disgruntled employees are underpaid guards could be
enticed to steal a few dozen engines like RD-250, Elleman wrote in a
report that was published in August. These machines, he added, could
have been flown or, more likely, transported by train through Russia
to North Korea without discovery. 'Russia at that time was a total
mess, he says nobody had any money.” The borders were open. How lax
was security? In 2002, six tons of components for a Soviet ballistic
missile turned up in a Ukrainian scrap yard!
In
the early 2000's, well before North Korea would test its first new
nuclear bomb in 2006, Viktor Moisa, a retired rocket scientist,
welcomed the North Koreans to his institute in Eastern Ukraine just
as you would with any other guests. The visitors interest in missile
technology did not arouse his suspicion. “They came as tourists at
least that's how they presented themselves.” He took them upstairs
to the showroom of Soviet satellites and rocket engines, the pride of
the institute's collection. They then went out to the yard to view an
array of parts for ballistic missiles were on display.
At
Yuzhmash the old missile components are still on display there.
Guidance systems, fuel pumps and the massive cones designed to hold
new nuclear warheads at the tip of the rocket are still in inventory.
He pointed to a rocket that had been in the same spot for over two
decades, exposed to the elements, yet it had no evidence of corrosion
or other damage. “That was the quality of what we made back then,”
Moisa said proudly. That seemed clear from North Korea's latest
missile launches. Experts
in chemical, nuclear, and biological arms, are not hard to find in
Ukraine. North Korean spies posing as tourists were arrested in
Ukraine in 2011 while trying to purchase copies of the factories
designs, both are now serving eight years in prison for espionage.
Pyongyang's
weapons program had help from a variety of sources. In preparing its
latest report to the security council, the U.N. panel sent inquiries
to Russian officials, asking for the names and passport numbers of
any weapons scientists who might have passed through Russia on their
way to North Korea. The regime's ability to enrich uranium, a key
step in building new nuclear warhead, is believed to have come from
Pakistan. But launching those warheads across continents would be
impossible without Russian or Ukrainian Technology, experts have
concluded.
That
brings us to the question – Was the timing of the U.S. funded coup
in Ukraine a direct response to North Korea's launching of missles
over Japan earlier in the year? Did the intelligence community trace
these missile engines and designs back the factory in Ukraine and was
a major factor in pushing the elected leadership out establishing a
puppet regime to cover it up?
There
were other motives to the coup as we at The American
Constitutionalist have revealed in past articles but we have to be a
bit suspicious as to why Time magazine would publish this story. The
plans of the elite are usually not readily apparent. This is a story
that is still unfolding. We will keep you informed.
*Excerpted from Time magazine