John Foster Dulles was secretary of state while his brother, Allen Dulles, was director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Emboldened by a quintessentially American set of fears and delusions, the Dulles brothers launched violent campaigns against foreign leaders they saw as threats to the United States. These campaigns helped push countries from Guatemala to the Congo into long spirals of violence, led the United States into the Vietnam War, and laid the foundation for decades of hostility between the United States and countries such as Cuba and Iran.
The first serious foray into regime change was in the 1948 Italian election. The decision to interfere with the general election was greatly influenced by the Cold War that was starting between the United States and the Soviet Union. The National Security Act of 1947, that made foreign covert operations possible, had been signed into law about six months earlier by President Truman. The fear of Communism spreading was initiated earlier and after Czechoslovakia it became the justification to use any means to prevent that from happening. The CIA, by its own admission, gave $1 million to Italian "center parties". They also publishing forged letters in order to discredit the leaders of the Italian Communist Party. They made numerous short-wave radio broadcasts and funded the publishing of books and articles, all of which warned the Italians of what was believed to be the consequences of a Communist victory. The elections were eventually won with a comfortable margin by the Christian Democracy party that defeated the left-wing coalition of the Popular Democratic Front that comprised the Italian Communist Party and the Italian Socialist Party.
Awash with optimism and confidence they turned their attention to the mid-east and Syria. The CIA began its active meddling in Syria in 1949—barely a year after the agency’s creation. In March of 1949, Syria’s democratically elected president, Shukri-al-Kuwaiti, hesitated to approve the Trans Arabian Pipeline, an American project intended to connect the oil fields of Saudi Arabia to the ports of Lebanon via Syria, but there was another proposal on the table. Oil from the fields of Iran via Iraq. To Syria's president this was a much more acceptable plan as it involved other Arab states without the infidel U.S.
Here, is the point in history where the “Deep State” and the “Shadow Government” joined forces for politics and profit. The “men in the shadows” realized that it could use the deep state to remove obstacles that prevented future massive profits and the deep state realized that it could use the backing of industry to finance it's political objectives – an American empire.
The CIA engineered a coup, the first post WWII coup
in the middle east and it happened without a shot being fired. Replacing al-Kuwaiti with the CIA’s handpicked dictator, a convicted swindler named Husni al-Za’im. Al-Za’im barely had time to dissolve parliament and approve the American pipeline before his countrymen deposed him, 14 weeks into his regime as a puppet of the United States.
The 'men in the shadows' found out that the handling of these desert tribesmen was not as easy as predicted. This was the first of many, many mis-calculations of the agency through the years. Today, Syria is one of multiple countries currently standing that has not been completely destroyed and transformed by the United States and almost 70 years later, the U.S. still has troops in the country. It was then the cross-hairs turned towards Syria's ally, Iran, who had stood behind the Arab version of the pipeline. Money was there to be made and obsticles were to be overcome, one way - or another.